Mar 20, · Tax Accounting Dissertation Topics. Taxation is an essential chapter in accounting. Many students take this up as their career option. So, when you are asked to write a dissertation on this chapter, you can consider choosing one from the following topics: Analysing the taxation system concerning growth and promotion of underdeveloped countries Dec 22, · Marks and Spencer strictly followed daily activity schedule to break out lethargy cycle and get motivated for basic activities. The activities are listed and are ranked from , and the employee is able to refocus on simple pleasures and mastery (Jelphs and Dickinson ) We value excellent academic writing and strive to provide outstanding essay writing service each and every time you place an order. We write essays, research papers, term papers, course works, reviews, theses and more, so our primary mission is to help you succeed academically
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Report on Organisational Behaviour and Motivation Introduction Unit 12 Dissertation marks spencer behavior Organisational culture is becoming a popular concept in business organisations, dissertation marks spencer. It explains the psychology, beliefs, dissertation marks spencer, values and experiences of organisation, dissertation marks spencer.
It is seen that when positive organisational culture is provided to the people in an organisation, people tend to behave in a positive way and thus, strive for attaining organisational excellence as they are attached to the organisations.
Organisational culture is also characterised by motivation which helps in achieving organisational goals and objectives Weng et al. In the below discussion, influence of culture, power and politics on the behaviour of individuals along with theories of motivation are discussed in Part A.
In Part B, effective team working and concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour are discussed. A UK based organisation named Marks and Spencer is considered for the discussion which specialises in selling of home products, clothing as well as luxury food products, dissertation marks spencer. Each and every organisation is characterised by behaviours of individuals as well as group of individuals when formed in a team.
Human behaviour is complex in nature and each and every individual is different from one another, dissertation marks spencer. Human behaviour constitutes to be an important consideration in the success of organisation as it is the humans who perform the work in an organisation for its success. With respect to individual and team behaviour, it is seen that culture, power and politics are the major factors that influence the human behaviour whether at individual or group level.
Organisational culture is a popular concept which explains the psychology, beliefs, dissertation marks spencer, values and experiences of organisation. This can be seen in Marks and Spencer where a positive organisational culture is provided Coccia The Company has a customer driven culture wherein all the people involved in the organisation make a real effort in enhancing customer satisfaction, employing right people and provide right training. The business is dynamic and thus, it always looks for ways to change the way they work.
Also, it has been observed that effective communication practices are used by the Company to gather, collect and communicate the information which is required to carry business operations which provides a positive work culture to the employees, dissertation marks spencer.
Good organisational culture provided by Marks dissertation marks spencer Spencer states that the behaviour of individuals is also dissertation marks spencer. It has been identified that the employees and the workforce behave properly in the Company.
The individual behaviour is continuously nourished by healthy organisational culture. However, it has been criticised by Kitchin stating that organisational culture has a negative influence on the individual and team behaviour, dissertation marks spencer. To achieve market competitiveness, internal competiveness arises in the organisation which affects the behaviour of individuals as well as teams as each and every person and team is considered to be a competitor.
Through this thinking, performance of the organisation is negatively impacted dissertation marks spencer thus, organisational culture sometimes plays a negative role in impacting the performance by impacting the individual as well as team behaviours. The positive culture provided by the Company controls the behaviour of an individual as a result of which individual interests are overpowered by organisational interests.
It is seen that the organisational culture of Marks and Spencer has been effective enough in influencing the team performance which is characterised by individual as well as group behaviours.
The customer driven culture of the Company helped in enhancing the value to customers which is made possible through effective team working which increased the performance Taylor Apart from organisational culture, politics is another important factor that influences the behaviour of an individual as well as team which in turn impacts the organisational performance. Marks and Spencer is one such Company wherein employees who do not work hard make use of dirty politics to secure their positions.
Politics, here means the irrational behaviour of the individuals in an organisation to gain advantages that are beyond their control. It leads to a negative ambience. With regards to Marks and Spencer, dissertation marks spencer, it is seen that the Company has a tall structure with many employees and the responsibility goes down the line of management for its smooth dissertation marks spencer. However, there are a high number of employees at each level who are more interested in spoiling in the image of people in front of others Pereira, Malik and Froese The employees in the Company by indulging themselves into dirty politics spoil the ambience of the workplace which dissertation marks spencer turn impacts the relationship of all the employees.
Negativity among employees result into negative behaviour of individuals which are involved in politics either who are the reason of politics or are the victims. Individuals have callous attitude with each other which hampers the communication between them.
They behave differently with their peers and colleagues to and a feeling of frustration and anger prevails. Also, team behaviour gets affected as a lot of information gets manipulated and is not passed in its desired form. Superiors get a wrong picture as a result of which team behaves in a negative way.
All this affected the working of Marks and Spencers as a team. Thus, it is seen that individual as well as team behaviour is affected by politics prevailing in the organisation. However, Pettigrew criticised the above point stating that it is the politics which helps the employees to grow in their careers as politics teach them how to work in corporate and how to be more competitive which in turn affects the behaviour as well as the performance, dissertation marks spencer.
Power is another factor which influences the behaviour of individuals as well as team in turn affecting the organisational performance. With regards to power, it is seen that more the power an individual or a team has, more influence it has on the organisation. In the context of Marks and Spencer, it is seen that employees who have major power, especially dissertation marks spencer managers have a high degree of point of pursuing power which enables them to control their own environment Anitha and Begum The behaviour of the employees is changed when a powerful leader leads the whole team, dissertation marks spencer.
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence individual and team behaviour and performance. For this criterion, a critical evaluation of the influence of the organisational culture, power and politics on the behaviour of individual, group as well as performance of the organisation has been discussed.
D1 Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enables teams and organisations to succeed, providing justified recommendations. To achieve distinction criterion, it is seen that the particular task, recommendations to Marks and Spencer are provided. P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
Motivation is a key factor determining the achievement of goals in an organisation. Individuals and teams within an organisation are motivated to achieve organisational goals. Motivation in an organisation is explained by two types of theories- content theory and process theory.
The content theory of motivation deals in explaining why the human needs change over time. The specific factors that affect the motivations behaviour are elucidated in these theories which are the internal factors, dissertation marks spencer.
Theory X states that employees in an organisation do not perform their job as they dislike and try to avoid their work. They are forced to work in an organisation as they do not wish to take responsibilities and lack ambition.
On the other hand, theory Y completely contradicts theory X. As per theory Y, it is an optimistic theory in which employees are creative and are self-employed. This is a great theory of motivation dissertation marks spencer it is gaining popularity in modern day organisations. Self-empowered teams are the basic characteristic of this theory. The Company deals in many clothing and luxury food products which demand high degree of creativity and innovation.
For the Company, human resources are one dissertation marks spencer the most important assets as they lead the organisation towards creating new products and services which are a product of the imagination and creation of employees. In Marks and Spencer, majority of the dissertation marks spencer are self-motivated and appreciate responsibility Pettigrew They are motivated to perform well as they are considered to be an important part of the organisation.
This motivation plays an important role in achieving organisational objectives as the objectives are fulfilled by the team work of employees who use their skills, talent, expertise as well as innovation in creating value for the customers by providing outstanding products and services.
The goals and objectives dissertation marks spencer Marks and Spencer to create a global brand has been made possible through its highly motivated employees who tend to perform well for the organisation by providing it with amazing ideas and creativity in relation to product and service offering. However, some traits of theory X has also been identified in this company as some of the employees despite of providing motivation do not take their responsibilities efficiently, dissertation marks spencer.
They dislike their work and thus, are not able to direct organisation towards achievement of goals Geppert and Dorrenbacher Considering the another type of theory which is process theories of motivation, it is seen that these theories, unlike content theories, address factors dissertation marks spencer determine the degree, dissertation marks spencer, modification as well as continuation of effort.
One of the most popular process theories of motivation is the Porter-Lawler Model which is an integrated approach including all elements of all motivation theories, dissertation marks spencer. It is a complex model which explains that performance leads to job satisfaction through role perceptions and abilities Miner The three elements of this theory are effort, performance and satisfaction.
Effort is the amount of energy exerted by an employee, performance is the leading function of the efforts of individuals and satisfaction is the leading function dissertation marks spencer the performance.
In the context of Marks and Spencer, it is seen that the perception of effort-rewards probabilities among employees is high because employees are provided with values and rewards. The motivation culture in Marks and Spencer included effort-performance-reward-satisfaction in which employees were motivated to perform better which in turn helped in increasing their performance on the basis of which they were rewarded.
The reward system increased the level of job satisfaction among employees which made them more hard working helping in achieving organisational goals and objectives. The reward system as mentioned in this theory enabled the Company to provide honour to those employees who work hard to help the organisation achieve its goal of expanding the business as well as customer base, dissertation marks spencer. However, Miner criticised motivation stating that organisational goals and objectives are achieved through other factors as dissertation marks spencer. Apart from motivation, financial and operational factors are equally important in helping the organisation achieve its goals and objectives.
Finance and business operations determine the level of success an organisation can achieve in a given period of time. This has been counter criticised by Miner who stated that the major factor responsible for achievement of organisational goals as if the employees are not motivated to perform well an organisation cannot achieve success despite huge amount of financial resources and strategic business operations.
Apart from the behavioural theories of motivation, motivation techniques also play an important role in influencing the behaviour of others which helps in achievement of goals and objectives. Marks and Spencer strictly followed daily activity schedule to break out lethargy cycle and get motivated for basic activities.
The activities are listed and are ranked fromand the employee is able to refocus on simple pleasures and mastery Jelphs and Dickinson However, this particular motivation technique is not so effective as it depends on the behaviour of an individual.
After considering the motivational theories and techniques used by Marks and Spencer, it has been identified that the Company uses effective motivation techniques and models to keep the employees motivated to strive for organisational success. However, the effectiveness can be increased by the Company by enhancing the number of Reward and Recognition program on a quarterly level.
The employees of dissertation marks spencer Company should be rewarded at quarterly levels to keep them motivated Lawter, Kopelman and Prottas In addition to this, it is recommended to the Company to provide some room for regular breaks to refresh the employees which in turn helps them in gaining their strength and health so as to achieve goals. Furthermore, technique of dissertation marks spencer regular and supportive feedback is required to help achieve organisational efficiency as the employees work on their areas of operations.
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models. This merit criterion is achieved by presenting critical evaluation of the process and content theories of motivation along with motivation techniques that are used by Marks and Spencer in helping the achievement of goals and objectives.
These theories and models influence the behaviours of individuals as a result which achievement of goals is impacted either positively or negatively. To achieve this criterion, the discussion provides recommendations to the Company to improve their motivation skills and techniques that is likely to help the organisation in future on the basis of the critical evaluation of motivation has been done.
Co-operation among team members is the most essential element required for successful and smooth business conduct. Co-operation in the workplace inculcates the engagement of employees in open communication. Co-operation in the workplace is highly characterised by team which can be effective or ineffective.
It has been observed that mere presence of team does not help the organisations. A team has to be effective in order to achieve goals and objectives.
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Business Source Complete () 'Marks and Spencer Group plc. MarketLine Company Profile'. Available at: blogger.com (Accessed: 28 September ). (Business Source Complete, ) Academic poster online Dickerson, I and Spencer, J. () Patient safety culture: the influence of leadership, change and structural reorganisation Dec 22, · Marks and Spencer strictly followed daily activity schedule to break out lethargy cycle and get motivated for basic activities. The activities are listed and are ranked from , and the employee is able to refocus on simple pleasures and mastery (Jelphs and Dickinson ) Mar 20, · Selecting a good fashion dissertation topic plays a crucial role. If the topic of your choice does not have enough resources and ideas, you are in great trouble. So discuss a topic about which you have passion and an important part of an academic part of the view
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